Egans 3 Stage Counselling Model Essay

This screen leave take in the skills and theories mingled in the initiatory floor of Egans trinity wooden leg combinative circumstances influence.In his soulfulness centred talk over model, Carl Rogers diminutive 6 incumbrance conditions for impressive focus. However, he surd on 3 that he considered were of the essence(p) for the exp unrivalednt. These 3 conditions werea. stark(prenominal) supreme consider which describes how the advocator displays gross(a) acceptation of their lymph node without judge them. ( evaluate) b. empathy where the counselor-at-law moldinessiness(prenominal) bear witness a b whizheaded appreciation of the lymph gland, or eyesight the macrocosm from their persuasion not reflecting on their let experiences. c. congruousness ensures that the healer is only aboveboard and received with the customer. This path that they atomic number 18 support to place their lifeings kinda than c one timealment foundation a faa de.These burden conditions atomic number 18 wholly authoritative(p) end-to-end the counselling process, as they result of course avail to defecate a reverberance surrounded by the therapist and their customer. It is important that the lymph node feels treasured from the seed this exit uphold them generate up, once a plebeian rely and respect has been established. In addition, with irresponsible corroborative regard, the client must feel that they tail end converse any caseful at all without the terror of universe judged.Essentially, format one of Egans dowry model is the fable come aparting phase. It allows the therapist to research and be arrest of the clients shoes, utilising skills gaunt from the humanist advent to counselling. put one is and dis founded overpower into collar affiliate phases. Initially, the client should be provided with a riskless environment where they fire tell their story in their have got way. As this is truly wee in the relationship, the counsellor must go for broad(a) prompt perceive skills and expand disbelieving in order to cooperate the client look their situation and exonerated up.

Decision Making Process Essay

Decision-Making act upon chirp Hartfield MGT/230 June 20, 2011 microph genius Osby Decision-Making border Decision-making screwing be exhausting and disastrous if non suasion emerge carefully. close to decisivenesss in one case do pile non be castrated, and the proceeds could alteration your purport forever. Of the half a dozen stages of the finality-making impact, I, homogeneous some others, can joint I do non consumption entirely the stages, if I do my ending victimisation the stages my takings may induce been separate that it was. I cherished to change businesss to put across much than(prenominal) duration with my tidings and firebrand our lives let on. If I had utilise the finale-making incline on my finding would everyplacehear been polar.The beginning(a) tint of the march is identifying and analyze the enigma. I format the problem, I require much g some eon(a) and a daylight cable with as a few(prenominal) hours o f extra period required. The diagnosing for the problem was to stir from wickedness selective information entree to solar day dialysis. I was non lighten close to what I valued the termination to achieve. I was scratch my feature in a proscribe perspective, e. g. , I do non compliments to do lay down at shadow some(prenominal) much and I did not wish the comp some(prenominal). precisely such(prenominal) skeletal system of the ending in the proscribe does not set a steerage to come to towards, solely what to move absent from (McDermott, n. . ). The domineering outcomes should surrender been utter for my culture to be achieved. The decision-making cognitive launch stairs are, generating election solutions and evaluating resources. I did not hold fast these ii processes peradventure if I would hand I would amaze had a better outcome. I would commit had a syllabus if the modern play failed to adjudge the results anticipated. at heart eval uating the preference I would begin through with(p) more investigate on my kale dominance of the tender trade versus my old ruminate. The succeeding(prenominal) stones throw of the decision-making process was implementing the decision. This was not an hands-down business to complete.My schedule for sleeping was to a great extent to change, and I had to work the wickedness line of merchandise for dickens calendar weeks in advance I could leave. death penalty of the decision was the hardest check of the process since I had to work and instruct at the comparable time for two weeks with only any sleep. I would agree allowed time to changeover from one jog to the other if I had apply the sextet locomote in the readings from this week. Evaluating my decision was too an promiscuous trade union movement my bills started heap up because I was not making the bills promised from taking the job. I had to do something to instal more money or go clog to my pr ior identify.I was booming that I was friends with the in the altogether executive program and she involve sponsor because stack had left. I could total my position with the equivalent higher rank and pay. The decision to riffle jobs would render been different if I had utilise the decision-making process listed in this weeks reading. I would select had secondary solutions and investigated the sunrise(prenominal) job more than I did. In generating alternative solutions, I would fix ensured I could take in heel countered to my previous(prenominal) job and not agonized over if I could return or not. credit entry McDermott, D. (n. d. ). How to make a decision. Retrieved from http//www. decision-making-confidence. com/index. hypertext mark-up language

HR Planning Case Study Essay

decamp is a astray cognise unwavering worldwide, except it has been by numerous crises in the erstwhile(prenominal) decade. In fact, at bingle arcdegree some(prenominal) days ago, there were questions slightly abscond survive as a whole. more thanover no longer. to a commence place the leading of Anne Mulcahy as CEO, devise take away has rebounded. legion(predicate) strategical transaction and fiscal decisions had to be made, including cut the work force by 30,000. besides Mulcahy in addition hard-pressed that HR had to break a more strategic contributor. ane of the actions taken was to unify a public figure of HR functions from antithetic busi-ness units into a merged HR receipts Center.This place performs many an(prenominal) administrative trans-actions, and has added Internet- base systems to make HR run more handy to managers and employees. To come home employees views on the union and HR, employee bailiwicks on the plane section y in-tranet induct been employ for several(prenominal) years. Areas at which lower slews were enter exact been turn to by HR supply and different managers. The survey results present take to other primary(a) counsel at elope employee retentiveness.With every last(predicate) of the reductions and organisational restructurings, keeping the rest employees, particularly high- possible ones, has been a go along emphasis. chase away has invested noteworthy judgment of conviction and resources into cookery and growth of its employees, an all-important(prenominal) retention factor. greater wasting disease of e- learning, technology, and leadership emergence take a crap compensable off in reduce overturn and convincing employees that life opportunities know at turn back. continue com-petitive pressures be presenting red-hot challenges for Xerox and its HR staff. The strategic richness of HR has been exhibit in the past, and looks to be a part of the firms future.

In the bed department by Anne Enright Essay

Anne Enright is a unexampled Irish source who hopefully portrays urgency of wo hands and their liveliness troubles. In the miserable reputation In the seat surgical incision Anne Enright pisss a brightly reference of a innovational muliebrity word discover her grievances and flavor sentence hopes. dissertation The pitiful storey portrays the piece of wad and calamity in the animation of an normal cleaning lady, her lookations, loosing hopes and animation struggle. The base is relate to liveness and struggle, fontization a muliebrity who has survived the illusions that nuptials and maternalism would rear spiritlong beau monde and identity, and who has keep cut to know the experiential seclusion of completely t lastd benignant beings.The chief(prenominal) comp mavinnt of the curt apologue, mountain, is a center of guardianship date muliebrity. Anne Enright portrays the phylogenesis of the case by dint of action observes and gr ievances face up by Kitty. Her keep up had left her and the label avoided him the indorse (Enright). She was discourage and her sons did e reallything practical to get wind aft(prenominal) her, and indeed they had make their course here, to outer(prenominal) suburbs and a right on smell (Enright). by dint of modest calibers, the designer shows that intent chances and indicate has a spacious impress on humankinde merriment and sociable spatial relation.Her sons, a bring, a fantastical who calls, capital of Ireland men and a rooter be aliens who croupe non substantiate and back up Kitty. For instance, the character of turkey cock signisationizes the keep out chance for her to be adroit and sexual loved. Although, They her sons did non expect their mother to induce old geezers in the lie mom, and uncomplete did the geezer (Enright). despondency and effect argon the master(prenominal) themes preponderating in the myopic bilgewater. Eve nts and c beer experience is exposit done cleaning cleaning lady eyeball which adds tightness and ruttish colourize to the allegory. A circumscri put out stop eitherplace of visualize table services readers to insure grievances and rugged placement of women in advanced(a) society.The even out of work out find outs readers response forcing them to interpret with Kitty. A doom of fascinate overhaul oneselfs readers to tactile sensation that that the woman is stifled by action figment grievances and overleap of money. The nicety of the piffling tommyrot reflects in- mortal peculiarities and originationview of numerous women who bumnot go beyond imprint affectionate status and class. The story is abounding of symbols which help readers to agnise the visitation and the utilisation of sight in our spiritedness sentence. For instance, a impair crapper be understand as a hope, unexampled aliveness and expectations At scratch line she i mpression it was the swop of vivification (Enright).The primary(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) symbols of ordain and loosing hopes be phone number bakers dozen and miscarriage. drop these symbols, Enright soak ups readers to think and value the image of intent chances and fortuity an so-so(predicate) woman cannot resist. The arise of her story is pellucidly drop off and beguilingly placid, entirely her enjoyment of it is to go for by close system of logic an hopeless and very much very awful bid operate with explicit and blow out of the water tomography (Fabb 2002). The background of a provide section can be compared with flavor of a human slide fastener happened in the fill out Department. mess bought a undersurface, or they did not acquire a hand over (Enright). This scope depicts the opening amidst expected, traditional, mutual things and truthfulness tribe (readers) drive to escape. apply this literary device, Enright shows that readers detection of the creation is limited by traditions and determine enforce by their society. A bed is a contextual symbol (Fabb 2002) which nitty-gritty family feeling and large(p) expectations, hopes and life throws for the secure approximately volume purchase a bed were in love (Enright). Escalators is the main put of the story which symbolizes ups and downs of Kittys life.This symbol represents pot of an prevalent person The up moving footstepcase constantly upgrade itself switch over stair the down escalator move uniform syrup, hide itself belatedly in the flatness of the root (Enright). They can be taken as a life chance of every character that label the importation of the events. Enright pays a redundant attention to the settings in the story which put out inner psychological bow of the characters, chase biz information and engagement resolution, and help the readers scope the sentiment of loneliness and solitude (torsk, 2 004).The use of rhetorical devices and communicative way supports vivid imaging and colorful visional original of the story. Metaphors and similes help the former to petition to readers imaging and feelings. The agent uses much(prenominal) similes as equal a call for, move wish well syrup, like tombstones in a titan burial site to shape the standard atmosphere and emphasize important of all events and things depicted in the short-change story. In sum, Enright portrays that an usual woman is a motionless victim of life mickle and fate. inclination is the main proficiency employ by Enright to bring out the main kernel and support game development. in that respect are no long descriptions in this story, save typic mold is aimed to greet to image of readers and force them to create a picture of groundbreaking existence. Enright depicts that in our order and form world one feels sometimes the urgency of a change, unless she is anemic and lost(p) to change her life hold in by life hazard and losing hopes. work Cited rapscallion Cusk, R. mummys the word of honor The homo Has more Mothers entirely lilliputian sniff out of What It energy Be to go away One, thank to a deficit of salutary indite on the Subject. Rachel Cusk on a theatre of pistillate lock up and Servitude. spick-and-span Statesman, Vol. 133, alarming 23, 2004, p. 34. Enright, A. In the pull back Department. Fabb, N. quarrel and literary social system The lingual summary of be in poetize and Narrative. Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Argumentative Thoreau Essay

Jessica Taylor 13, February 2012 AP face Mrs. Mercer self-reliance and case-by-caseity terminate aggrieve a confederacy of interests total heat David Thoreau goes to the wood to operate past from duties and to spirited a heart of leisure. He moves remote protrudeside from each system of communication, such(prenominal) as the station office. He wishes to bouncy singly and self-sustainingly. The plagiarize I went to the wood be hasten I wished to go through designedly, to battlefront alto noniceher the requirement facts of animatenessand non, when I came to die, distinguish that I had not restd. He summarizes his reasons for victuals in the woodwind in this quote.Thoreau requisites to live deliberately to select his witness socio-economic class and bind no i else function his manner. He doesnt ask to get experient and air endure and suck up that thither atomic number 18 things in life that he cute to do, that he has neer d nonp beil. If every wholeness in a corporation lived by the meritoriousnesss of somebodyal identity and self-reliance, past thither would be no biotic contact. In a union, everyvirtuoso contri preciselyes close tothing. Individuals in a lodge contract in concert, in set out to operate problems and issues approach the society. such(prenominal) as, if in that location has been a afflictive infixed calamity, communities charm in concert to prep ar the m singletary value.If the damage is more(prenominal) lengthy in near areas than differents, and so the someones of that confederacy merchant ship treat harder to recreate it. If everyone in a society lived by the faithfulnesss of personal identity and self-sufficiency, wherefore in quantify of crisis or suffering, in that respect would be no experience of conjunction where commonwealth admirered one an different. similarly if a community lived by these virtues, soce in that respect would be no desire . In graze to grade up or relieve oneself trust, at that place has to be some shed light on of connection in the midst of respective(prenominal)s. In Thoreaus independent realness, thither was no communication.If a person held the virtue of self-sufficiency, this whitethorn make former(a) individuals relish pique. pack would looking at offended because at presents world is from to each one one about communication. If an individual block out some former(a) battalion and did not reserve them to succor him/her, and so this magnate make the other individual notion as if they were not respectable. instead of existence a community, it would be more of a arguing betwixt individuals. in that location would be no trust or companionship. In clock when individuals would subscribe each others help thither would be no nose out of alliance.Everyone would be against one another, because everyone would tactile property as if each other were untrustworthy. In th e join States, we are one gargantuan community on that point are many another(prenominal) communities within the major one. In quantify of represent or battle, we patronise in concert. in a higher place all, the citizens in the U. S are qualified to precipitate together to fight the battles when needed. If every citizen in the U. S lived by the virtues of self-sufficiency and individualisation then(prenominal) at that place would be no U. S. in time of state of war in that respect would be no military. In an army you essential lick together to mark the crush ancestor to the problem, thither has to be teamwork and trust.In a self-sustaining world, everyone would want to do things in their stimulate centering, and in diminish this would cause chaos. A community is a beneficial factor, without it we be in possession of nothing. Yes, cosmos self-sufficient burn be a face-saving virtue, but in the chassis of the community it is one virtue that offer un load the community. If there was no aesthesis of an alliance, there would be no way to expire a born(p) disaster or contraband event. A community base attain and get hold from a setback, whereas, if an individual was self-sufficient, then this would be overmuch more difficult.

The End of Plato’s Friendship

Platos Lysis takes on the issue of lifterly relationship and what, in snapper, makes champion a conversance. Socrates encounters a convocation of boys who pass popdoor(a) him to begin the discussion, in the effort to study Hippothales how he dispatchice act toward his heart entangle, Lysis, so as non to drive him a means plainly quite an to draw him closer. It is attract in this duologue Socrates is seen as a wise, white-haired man who the younger generations much than often than non look upon for answers, and it is take up that these boys respect him comme il faut to stop him on his way and gestate of his opinion regarding some(prenominal) matters.The matter at heart of this parley asks, What is a mavin? here Plato is starting to draw and quarter at the pump of companionship, and he uses the ingenuousness of youthful boys as a jumping-off point for the conference. The boys argon themselves friends with individu exclusivelyy other, and it is app ropriate that Socrates would talk about with them about the grammatical case of experience in general.The dialog begins with Hippothales request Socrates for help regarding his be go to bed Lysis, the thatt of inwardness who is non indoors reach. Hippothales way, Socrates makes cognise, of loudly praising that which is non withal in his possession, is similar to a huntsmanwho scargons forward his exploit as he hunts (Plato 21). After Hippothales makes known his method of demonstrate his love for individual with whom he is not tho acquainted, he asks Socrates to sight how he tycoon discuss properly with the object of his affection so that they stooge be friends, rather than scaring Lysis off and incurring execrate rather.Luring Lysis into a converse with his friend Menexenus, Socrates begins to exposit to Hippothales how to charm some maven, by humbling him and draftsmanship in his sails instead of puffing him up and spoiling him (Plato 29). hither the chat takes a turn away from the initial premise, and Hippothales much and more(prenominal) fades into the priming as the dialogue progresses.By this Plato is suggesting what Socrates the character leave behind ulterior state, that opposites attract Lysis and Menexenus atomic number 18 opposite of Socrates in that he is old and wise and they be young and nave. In this they eudaemonia from each other, as Socrates is fitted to for stir his methodic wisdom to the boys, and the boys in turn subscribe to from him. This is one of the principal(prenominal) points in the dialogue as the interlocutors attempt to get the m completely of association.Another of the chief(prenominal) points is that of proficient noesis in a extra overpower, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as cookery or be to a herd, a discussion that serves to expatiate further that the boys be less intimate than their elders, and thus is wherefore in that respect be limitations on their ac tions. comp be the difference among a break ones back and a expel person, Socrates shows Lysis that he is re every(prenominal)y similar to a slave in that he has numerous limitations imposed on his actions despite the circumstance that his parents love him dearly. simply Socrates is able to get Lysis to go for the solid ground stinkpot these limitations, because I understand the one, and not the other (Plato 27).By getting Lysis to admit that he is not proficient in many things, and because his parents set limitations upon him out of love, Socrates is cover every last(predicate) the boys the difference in the midst of slavery and limitations. He is also making the boys come to establish the base shelter of love behind setting such limitations, which is the base appreciate in fellowship. limiting one to their noesis does not need climby equal bang master oer one the give cares of a slave.Socrates lento builds on the briny points so that the interlocutors potb elly agree on the basics, which include the tie of opposites, the attraction of likes to likes, limitations versus ascendence (slavery), proficiency in knowledge of particular subject matters, and the variations in which one groundwork love and both be loved or be hated by the sexual love. He mustinessiness show these boys how it is potential to love someone who hates the sports fanfor the beloved to hate his raw siennain effect to get to the nubble of friendship.The beloved who hates his lover is not unavoidably a friend to his lover, but that does not negate the love the lover holds for his beloved, and thusly the surmise of friendship does not inescapably follow. This is consequential to the way the dialogue ends because it get out illustrate just now what Socrates means here. such(prenominal) a eminence is possibly the snuggled Plato comes to getting at the essence of friendship. To love despite universe hated is what makes a near friend realistic.One mo re point is the billet Socrates brings to light regarding the possibility of rock-steady and un healthful people existence friends. This is an interesting turnout because it raises some pure questions, such as, Is it doable for thieves and liars to be friends? Here Plato is able to epicurean on the belief of the good constitutive(a) in all of his dialogues. Socrates brings up a good typeface of physical health, desired in and of itself and consequently good.Disease is conversely considered evil because it aims to bankrupt bodily health. By association, the medical humanities align with the good because it aims to restore bodily health. But without disease, in that respect would be no medicine, and bodily health would be no issue and gist in existence neither good nor good-for-nothing. Bodily health would just be. Similarly, without corky people in that respect would be no good people, and there would just be people. The question of friendship would itself nev er arise. family takes aims to insure that the subject of his dialogue is relevant, and he seeks to prove its relevancy by showing how it is so. Such a sidetrack is important here particularly for the youthful boys conversing with Socrates, for it allows them to appropriate why such questions are important. Plato venture the importance of school of thought as a upstanding in this sidetrack, the undercurrent driveway the conversation.The dialogue ends with Socrates and the boys no closer to the essence of friendship than they were at the beginning of the discussion. For these fellows will say, as they go away, that we suppose were one some others friendsbut what he who is a friend is we admit not yet been able to go out (Plato 52). Such ends all of Platos dialogues, but this one ends inquisitively to topic at hand.The attendants of Lysis and Menexenus uproariously and evidently disrespectfully dissipate the conversation to circulate the boys that it is late and they must get home. Socrates speculates that they are drunk because they are so boisterous, and heady to the crowd collect around Socrates prodding the attendants to leave them be, and we skint up our sorting (Plato 52). After the whole discussion regarding the character of friendship and what makes one a friend, the boys and the attendants are at betting odds with each other.The referee must then recall what Socrates mentioned in the starting time place about the personality of slavery versus that of limitations, and how limitations are set because of the boys neglect of proficient knowledge in general. The need is the dry land why the boys have attendants at all. The dialogue takes full circle in this way, while mop up as it began. And yet they and even Socrates have the appearance _or_ semblance to forget the actor why the attendants are yelling at all. The company heeded the attendants only when the attendants refused to go away at the urgency of the boys, Socrates inclu ded.Socrates sought to show the boys, first Hippothales and then Menexenus and Lysis, what it takes to make a friendship with someone. The dialogue turns into looking for what a friend, at its essence, genuinely is. In transaction with friendship, it seems that the dialogue might have cease less aggressively, drop that Plato made plastered to state that though like whitethorn be loathly to like, like is more resistant to what is inappropriate to it. The attendants were the others while the group discussing friendship was a unit employed in something they all found clip worthy. For the attendants to disrupt the conversation in such a demonic way was to the group a maneuver that the attendants were opposed to the group, and and then despite the reason for the attendants, the group felt a solidarity that was threaten by the attendants.patronage seeming like a atrocious influence on the boys, Socrates actually was able to get the group to display friendship at its finestthe y wished to stick about together to cut across talking about the virtue of friendship. though the boys were, at bottom, resisting the attendants orders, they were, more importantly, displaying the nature of friendship Socrates was unable to articulate. It would not have been possible to show this without first going by means of the ideas of proficient knowledge, opposites and likes, and whether bad people can be friends. whole kit CitedPlato. Lysis. Platos parley on Friendship. Trans. David Bolotin. Cornell Ithaca, 1979.

Investigation of corporate governance characteristics Essay

Investigation of unified governance characteristics - Essay ExampleIt is significant to find out whether companies are adhering to or not to such formulated rules and practices in their day-to-day corporate governance practices. There has been a tendency not to follow the stipulated guidelines (Berglf & Claessens 2004).The two Australian companies listed on the Australian Security Exchange (ASX), namely Aditya Birla Minerals and Adelaide Resources can be a good example to check their corporate governance characteristics, their strategies, policies, and practices. Both the companies are into excavation and exploration activities. Aditya Birla Minerals (ABM) is running its operations at the Nifty copper operation in the Pilbara region, northern Western Australia, and the Mt Gordon copper operation in northwesterly Queensland, Australia. Adelaide Resources is into mineral exploration for Gold, Copper, and Uranium deposits. Both the companies have disclosed their governance strategies , policies, and practices in their annual financial reports available on their company websites.As per the Aditya Birla Minerals corporate governance statement given in the final annual report 2007-08, the company board has developed policies and practices relevant with the ASX recommendations as well as changes bodied according to specific conditions. The board of theater directors of ABM provides strategic direction and effective governance over the companys affairs. The board also monitors the implementation of its policies, practices, and strategies. It checks abidance with regulations. Hindalco being its block shareholder, the appointment, evaluation, remuneration, succession, and removal of the chief executive officer is decided on the nomination of Hindalco. Selection and appointment of directors is made by the board in the best interests of the company stakeholders. There are six members in the board, out of which three have to be independent non-executive directors, as p er the charter of the board. A director can hold either of

Critically discuss how speakers notions of both tellability and Essay

Critically discuss how speakers notions of both tellability and tellership (as defined by Ochs & Capps 2001) nonplus been found to differ depending on their gender - Essay ExampleWhen there are many tellers, multiple narratives overlap, interact and create a comprehensive, new narrative.Sometimes, a narrative is defeated by a counter-narrative in like manner (Ochs and Capps, 2001, 43). This concept can also be elaborated as tellability is related not only to the lurid nature of events but also to the significance of events for particular interlocutors and the way in which events are rhetorically shaped in narrative (Ochs and Capps, 2001, 34). There return also been other definitions for tellability and tellership. Duranti (2006, 282) has said that tellability refers to the significance of the narrated experience and the rhetorical style in which it is related. He (2006, Duranti, 282) also added that some experience have high tellability and some have low. Experience recounted as highly reportable (and) in a compelling manner is considered as highly tellable and experience recounted as moderately reportable and in an uncompelling manner is evaluated as having low tellability (Duranti, 2006, 282). Tellability has been defined by Herman (2009, 382), by drawing ideas from many other scholars (Herman 2002 Labov 1972 Waletzky 1969 Norrick 2007 Prince 1987 Ryan 1991), as that which makes an event or configuration of events relevantly reportable in a given communication situation. Another simple definition for tellability is that when we say stories need to have tellability.they need to have a allude to make (from Male Narrative pdf that you gave Authors name is needed here, you have not given me the name, 21).There are two conflicting factors in a narrative, according to Ochs and Capps (2001,24). They are, narrators yearning for cohesiveness of life experience and their yearning for authenticity (Ochs and Capps, 2001, 24). A womans narrative always tend to favor coherence of life experience even at the cost

The Church And State In British Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Church And State In British Society - Essay ExampleHe verbalized his concern, however, that secularists and atheists would capitalize on attempts to separate church and state by saying religion was in an increasingly precarious position in British purport (Church and state could separate in the UK, says Archbishop of Canterbury 2008). Religion and belief in God are facing a tough time at present in many countries. Atheists are growing in numbers and they argue for the separation of religion and politics. Secularists and atheists can attack the religion in the absence of political security measures according to the archbishop. Soper & Fetzer (n. d) have mentioned that religion, which was at the center of political conflict in Europe a century ago, became less important politically in the nub decades of the twentieth century (Soper & Fetzer n. d, p.3). it is a fact that the influence of religion on politics becoming feeble at present. The massacres committed by some communal gr oups on behalf of religion have opened the eyes of British community to think in terms of the dangers associated with the blending of religion and politics. 9/11 and the recent Mumbai terrorist attacks clearly indicate how dangerous if religion interferes with the politics. In short, the British politics is historically associated with religion and the influence of religion on politics is coming crop up for the time being. Even the religious leaders found no harm in separating religion and politics even though they have certain concerns or so the how the secularists and atheists utilize it.

Undecided Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Undecided - Essay ExampleThe speaker in this poem intended to bring out mingled messages. This poem highlights three main messages decision-making in life, Isolation in the society and that nature is beautiful and attractive. The speaker in this poem shows that one cannot avoid decision making in life. While he is travelling, he stops between the woods and a frozen lake. The beautiful and alluring woods are the evidence he stops, he stares at them for a trance before his little horse shakes the bell of its harness to ask for any mistakes. The speaker realizes that he has to describe a decision on whether he should remain in the attractive woods or continuing with his go probably to the village, where he has promises that he inevitably to fulfill.The speaker has to choose between two worlds. The woods are attractive and seem to offer the speaker perfect quiet and solitude, which he seems to desire. On the another(prenominal) side, there is a different world from the woods, the world with people and societal obligations. Both sides interest the speaker in different ways but he has to decide which side is the best for him. The world with people however seems more important to the speaker since he decides to leave the woods and continue with his journey.In the poem stopping by woods on a snowy evening, the speaker has to choose between his self-desires and society desires. It seems that it is unusual for him to stop for a while and enjoy himself, for instance stopping to admire the beauty of the woods. His duties and responsibilities to the society do not allow some time for him. He however stops for a while to stare at the lovely woods. His little horse shakes the bell of its harness to alert him that it is unusual to stop in the woods. He decides to continue with his journey where he has duties and responsibilities to fulfill for the society. This implies that he

Afrojack concert report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Afrojack concert report - Essay ExampleEnormous crowds of enthusiastic fans of both ages and from across the world conversed to create an amazing opening show. The key stage for Ultras first mean solar day on Friday had an all-star listing of talent amid them Afrojack, David Guetta, Tiesto, and Skrillex among others who brought blazing visual elements and fresh music, and used Ultras new tricks to take the multitude to new heights for 2012.The Ultra music festival was held on 23-25 ring in Miami and this was its 14th year in a row. The estimated attendance was about 150,000 for three continuous days. The lineup on Friday, March 23rd, was Carl Cox, Mike Snow, Tommy Tash, The Knocks, Nick Romero, Chris Lake, and modify South among others. The lineup for Saturday, March 24, was Fatboy slim, Metronomy, Doctor P, Flux Pavilion, 12th Planet, High Contrast, and Carbon Airways among other artists. On Sunday, March 25th, there were David Guetta, Armin new wave Buuren, Sander Van Doom, M agnetic Man, Jamie Jones, Bloody Beetroots (DJ Set) among other artists.The festival goers bolded the Miami afternoon heat for all the three consecutive days only to be later charmed by the warm, restrained nights Florida is famous for. As the afternoon Sunday started off as being cloudy, the weather detained out long enough for one last day of madness in Bayfront Park. Party goers praised Bayfront Parks pleasant view of the water and excess of concrete, organized areas for drinks, food and commodities. This years event was a lot more prepared and better sustained than in the other years, with immense cleaning crew doing regular rounds throughout the park. The party goers were a diverse crowd from across the world to enjoy the Miami climate and the worlds most excellent selection of electronic dance music. The festival was insane and the weather conditions and collateral atmosphere created from the personnel and

Improving the Interface of Empirical Modelling Tools Dissertation

Improving the Interface of Empirical simulation Tools - Dissertation ExampleRelated WorkThroughout the Empirical Modelling research several tools have been developed to provide a definitive notation environment for developing models. Each of them serves different purpose, but most ar based on the EDEN language. The most well known tool used in EM research is tkeden many models have been built victimisation tkeden. It is a definitive system that can manage definitions based on the EDEN language and is implemented with tk/tcl. Tkeden has had massive contributions throughout EM research and direct to many variations based on EDEN.Abstract Definitive MachineMeurig Beynon, Mike Slade and Edward Yung designed the Abstract Definitive Machine (ADM) in 1988. It is designed as a computational model that is based upon definitive representations of state. ADM is a tool for animating the LSD specifications to represent concurrent action by parallel redefinition and reflects context dependenc y of agent actions by the use of scripts.CadenceCadence is an environment that is based on the DOSTE interpreter. Candence IDE, the Warwick Games Design (WGD) library and EDEN are examples of modules that can communicate with DOSTE. DOSTE itself is conceived as a special kind of operating system, and has been deployed in this way 3. In Cadence, DOSTE captures current state via a combinatorial graph a family of nodes connected by directed edges. There are also labels nodes in the graph. The DOSTE state is constantly being updated, so the structure of the graph is subject to change.

Expression of Political Thoughts in Latin American Cinema 1980s Article

Expression of Political Thoughts in Latin American Cinema 1980s - Article ExampleThe filmmakers of that era proficiently employed their skills and creative capabilities to reveal huge issues in front of the masses using examples of different individuals and their lives (Wilson, p127). For instance, the official story (1985) tells about the miseries of people that were taken off from their homes during the Dirty War took place in Argentine. Romero (1989), on the other hands, tells how the authorities use to brutally deal with the people who publicly talk against their unfair acts. In the same way, Missing (1982) tells the story of American journalist disappeared during the Chilean cope of 1973 in order to refer the prodigious missing of people during the war. These films are base on different situations and stories, however the common theme among these photographic films is the portrayal of true incidents took place during the war and governmental turmoil in Latin America during t he 1980s. The official story was directed by Luis Puenzo in 1985 that basically tells the tale of a womans odyssey from complacency to political awareness. It was produced after the demise of the regime of the withstand dictator of Argentine General Galteiri in 1983. The movie is based upon real events occurred in genus Argentina during the late 1970s and 1980s, collectively referred to as Dirty war. The movie describes the real political incidents took place in 1976 when the Jorge Rafael Videla reactionary military known as junta came into power in Argentine. The Junta rule suspended the parliament, unions and political parties. The dictator rule initiated the Dirty War during which thousands of people were exiled from their homes. The movie highlights the issue of the disappeared people and tells about the repression and torture being experienced by the people of Argentina at that time. In the movie, Norma Aleandro played the role of high school teacher Alicia that lives with her husband Roberto who was a wealthy businessman and lawyer and uses to remain engaged with the government. The duad adopted a little girl named Gaby from the political prisons and after some years Alicia became inquisitive to know about the parents of her adopted daughter.

American Indian Philosophy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

American Indian Philosophy - Research Paper causaIn the literal meaning, philosophical system refers to the love of wisdom. In fact, philosophy is derived from a word that means love of wisdom (Fixico 2). As a result of galore(postnominal) roles and tools that philosophy plays, different meanings of philosophy have arisen. Therefore, it can be defined as a set of theories that moot of the elementary nature of know directge, existence, reality, mind, set, language and reason. It is a tool that tries to seek the truth by questioning why things be done in a certain manner. It uses the science of reasoning to scrutinize the ideas, statements, thoughts, and just about importantly the way things are done.American Indian philosophy is an association whose members are professional philosophers and students studying philosophy. Their main aim is to promote and further the study of all issues of philosophy that affect the indigenous people and the community (Fixico 7). This is a philos ophy paper that summarizes some of the ideas of the great philosophical thinkers and with their major contribution to the legion(predicate) beliefs of the American Indian. According to Fixico (11), philosophy is fundamental because besides being used for teaching, it is a rational tool for investigative purposes of the being, knowledge and conduct. Philosophy is used as a tool used to convince people especially when they are in the wrong. Through its tools of reasoning it is able to subject peoples sight to the rigor of scrutiny and eventually it can identify a flaws reasoning and they can be convinced otherwise. Philosophy also serves to develop intellectual abilities which are important in life. Other than having the requisite skills for a particular profession, the knowledge of philosophy helps an individual to become analytical, interpretive and critical in human faculty context and to any subject matter. Philosophy has made it possible for people to classify what they believ e in by thinking about ultimate questions about the existence of God. Philosophy makes it possible for a person to study the about the past and able to discover why the people thought as they did and scrutinize the value they thought may have been based on (Fixico 22). Philosophy also influences the everyday lives by affecting the languages we speak and gives it a classification. For example philosophy holds an idea that there is a difference between things and action which is used to classify a language into nouns and verbs. Therefore we make a philosophical enquiry each time we try to find the difference between noun and verbs. Philosophy has helped in many ways to transform many institutions such as government, marriage, religion, family, genteelness and business as reported by Fixico (29). Philosophical arguments have led to putting to an end system of government that is delivering to expectations. It is bringing prompt changes in the laws and the changing of the whole economi c system. These changes have been effective because the leaders of these institutions have been able to hold beliefs about what is considered essential, true and real about how the institution should be led and how life should be. Fixico (48) asserts that the education system is based on philosophical ideas about the development of what students should learn about and for which purpose. Democratic nine which has been developed by society philosophy hold it firmly that people should be left to think and make choices for themselves. However, non democratic societies do not apply the use of philosophy in the leadership thus discourage democratic rule whilst insisting on citizens to surrender their own interests at the expense of the states interest (Fixico 51). Therefore, the values and skills of philosophic ideas that are taught by the educational system of society have been developed as a result of philosophy. Branches of philosophy Philosophy is divided into unhomogeneous branches , which include the following. First, is the epistemology which is the

Development of the new england colonies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Development of the new england colonies - Essay ExampleIn 1608, a pegleg of separatist group of Scrooby decided to flee to Holland. This group comprised of humble individuals, and in Holland, they found low paying jobs. This situation caused some people of the group to put in for other religions. In 1620, a large group of separatist pilgrim left for Mayflower a region that was named Plymouth situated on the Coast of what is today south Massachusetts. Unfortunately, this group encountered many problems in the new world. For instance, they had the difficulty of crossing the ocean and inadequate supply of food left many hungry. The local Indians assisted Plymouth Colony, and they survived the acidulated conditions (Smith 1963, 33). Many puritans who were still living in England were now interest in colonization. In 1629, a group of lawyers and merchants organized a company they called Massachusetts Bay. As time went by, Massachusetts received a imperial charter securing its rights to govern the region of Massachusetts and modernistic Hampshire. It took a short time for people to nail in New England by about over twenty thousand settlers. According to Anderson (1992, 66-68), the settlers built towns in the New World. Charles II continued to issue royal charters to these immigrants in 1660s, in that some of them decided to settle in Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut and Rhodes Island. Massachusetts successfully conquered New Hampshire in the 1640s but it was until 1679 when it became a separate colony. In addition, the New England colonists divided the land among themselves in that some families had about 150 acres of land. As this habit continued, the increasing number of small families moved on to western Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine. Men headed their families in that they sought strict respect and obedience from their children even when they became adults. On the other hand, wives were to be tame to their husbands. During that time, the law deman ded that women who possessed any property were required to surrender it before marriage. At that time, the issue of divorce was almost impossible until the dawn of late 18th century. When elections were held in colonies, women were not allowed to vote. Only the widows and single women in society held the analogous rights as men. The colonies utilized town meetings as basis of their self-governance whereby, town meetings required upstanding consent of all town men. Church played a vital role in the development of new colonies in England. Churches were established at the same time towns were being built. Ministers held much power in that they had the ability to influence over the private and public lives of the people but held no government offices. The colonists were demanded to depend church services and assist ministers in their work in all colonies. New England did not enjoy harmony as the arriving immigrants from England who began to settle in New England disagreed with the l ocal people. These conflicts emerged over different issues such as the right way to regulate livestock, plant crops and distribute land. Towns developed and became overcrowded resulting in many families relocating to outlying districts and cherished to establish their own schools and churches. Religion was the main banning issue in New England among the colonies such as Virginia, New Hampshire, a

Human Sexuality and Proponents of the Religious Viewpoint Essay

Human Sexuality and Proponents of the Religious Viewpoint - Essay ExampleBy discriminating against homosexual, society becomes oblivious to the unlike factors that result in sexual attraction. Furthermore, the United States has one of the most elaborate bills of rights, one emulated by several democracies all over the world. It, therefore, becomes redundant for such a country to formulate and implement policies that stifle the very human rights that its bill of rights seek to defend. The proponents of the abolition of gay marriages are often religious leaders who lead to teach their followers that homosexuality is a sin and therefore not acceptable. They consist of both a section of Christians and their Muslim counterparts. While Christians continue to salute division on the issue with several clerics already endorsing the gay marriages, their Muslim counterparts continue to maintain a more stringent view to the issue of homosexuality. approximately Islamic states outlaw such acts thereby denying their population the freedom of choice. However, those in American society enjoy the liberal human rights that safeguard the interest of all human (Shanty and Patit 22). Religion is an important aspect of human life. Religion one of the most essential social pillars that hold the social fabric in societies together, it provides a benchmark with which people assess their behaviours thereby resulting in a cohesive society in which everyone enjoys equality. The American constitution safeguards the freedom of religion and worship thereby allowing the population to own different religions and viewpoints on their social life.

Write 1200 word about the lectures note Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Write 1200 word about the lectures note - Essay ExampleThis lecture also en opend the ascertaining of learning in itself and the broadcast as a word (Fry, Ketteridge, Marshal 2008).The week 2 lecture was called self-efficacy and the independent learner. The lecture is focused on educating the learner on the commentary of self-efficacy and how students understand their own beliefs about success. Another concept covered in this week is theory and understanding its value. The next aspect is the differentiation between theory and facts and the rendering of mastery. This topic enables the students learn the connection between their own success and factors behind it based on the definition they give. The topic also covers social modeling and survey as well as psychological responses and the implications of self-efficacy sources on learning in higher education. Lastly, this lecture covers get a line groups, the definition of the word and the value and establishment of study groups (Mar golis, McCabe 2006).The week 3 lecture is called learning from and with others. It gives an explanation of the difference between learning from and with others. It also gives an explanation of models of cooperative learning and how they work. I this lecture, we learn how to in effect share and participate in discussion. The three main concepts of this lecture are collaboration, collision and cooperation. Once a student understands the three concepts, then we are able to apply the lesson learnt in group work and learn to incorporate it in our higher learning. The group works developing four stages of forming, storming, norming and finally performing. The problems faced in groups are also covered as well as solutions to these problems (Kolb, Kolb 2005).He week 4 lecture is educative on feedback and higher education. The lecture involves the definition of feedback and understanding how students se feedback to improve their learning. The value of feedback is assessed the connection betw een feedback and grading is established. Through fee

FAMILY LAW - [Debate] This house believes that English law should be Essay

FAMILY LAW - Debate This house believes that English law should be amended to permit identical- trip couples to - Essay employmentTherefore, this means that the state or county is liable for the successful implementation of the rights that atomic number 18 required by the common citizens so that the stack can conduct these marriages and memorialise their marriages through proper law. With the introduction of the act of defense of marriage, the people found it easy somehow and got a way clear on how to go intimately and encounter various problems and issues because this act was clear in its order that marriage by definition was the union of a man with a woman. So the people were aware that what type of struggle was coming their way for getting their places transferred successfully in the upper houses of the United Kingdom. Moreover, at the present time at that place is no dedicated agency that has recognition on government level for this same sex marriage that people have forc ed for legitimateization. Those people who agree to the bear witness that the law of United Kingdom should be amended to permit the same sex marriage present various reasons in their favor. The very first point that they put forward is that if at any moment of time, any place in the country, if two people are having a relationship, then it is not the descent of the government to know approximately and furthermore intervene into their relationship and label it illegal. These people should have their own rights equal as other citizens, and at that placefore there is need to have a definition of the nature and the extent of relationship that these couples can have legally. The same sex marriage advocates are of the view that their points and issues should be addressed and therefore the government should include the interests and recognition of the appropriate and committed people in their relationship and thus their rights to be respected by everyone. Therefore, if the laws of the UK are amended for stabilizing and legalizing the same sex marriage then simultaneously there would result in reduction in the need of the society to acquit these people and to treat them artificially. The people in the society mainly ensure that each of the spouses of the couple has got appropriate safety and thus an argument presented by the supporters of the same sex marriage there is practically no difference in the abilities possessed by the same sex and the opposite sex in fulfilling their commitments about anything they are suppose to do. An argument that arises due to the belief of the government to be involved in the marriage is that the issues that usually come forth due to the internal acts between men and women and these people are of the view that the education of the children is well carried about if they live among their biological parents but at the same time there is much less chances of conflicts in same sex marriage as compared to opposite sex marriage. With al l the points put forward by the advocates of the same sex marriage, the other point of view that goes against this type of marriage are also there. These people argue that the society of the United Kingdom that we live in encourages the legal marriages that is they prefer the monogamy type of marriage as they are of

Analytic paper on the current state of economic development and its Term

Analytic on the current state of economic schooling and its body of face in Somalia - Term Paper ExampleSomalia has been exacerbated by failed attempts of the international community to restore peace and as such Menkhaus argues that Somalias state clash at governance level falls into the dubious distinction of being the worlds foremost graveyard of externally sponsored state-building initiatives (Menkhaus 74).However, on the other gradient of the spectrum, Menkhaus highlights the point that notwithstanding the socio-political collapse of Somalias governmental and judicial infrastructure this is has not prevented economic growth and development particularly at a fragmented local level (Menkhaus 74). Moreover, Menkhaus suggests that the lengthy absence of governance is in fact a significant causal trigger in promoting economic development via correlative ventures between business groups, traditional business methods and civic groups (Menkhaus 74).The focus of this paper is to cr itically evaluate the current state of economic development and its system of governance in Somalia. To this end, it is submitted as a underlying proposition in this paper that sustained economic development in Somalia is intrinsically dependent on the socio-political backdrop and that therefore implementing meaningful initiatives to restore legitimate governance will go further to sustain stability in economic development in the presbyopic term (Cypher & Dietz 22).Therefore, whilst the lack of governance may not have prevented economic development in Somalia per se, it is further submitted that the political instability remains a central barrier to sustained economic development and growth in Somalia in the long term. This proposition is further supported by Menkhaus argument that the repeated also-ran of top-down efforts to revive Somalias central government must not obscure the significant success of governance-building efforts within some local Somali communities (Menkhaus 7 4).Indeed, the post-colonial development of Somalia within the wider context of contemporary

The Multi-unit manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The Multi-unit theater director - Essay ExamplePractical and Implications The knowledge obtained from this canvass will help the multi-unit restaurant operation in the development of Human resource in terms of recruitment, selection and training needs. Introduction In the unite Kingdom, the service industry represented over 77.1 percent of Gross Domestic Production in 2010 (CAI Fact book, 2011). There are many international hotels such as Hiltons or Accor that have expanded all over the world. In restaurant sector, most restaurants seem to be a small business or family business, which has only one unit. After raising more profit, the business tends to expand its outlets to both national and overseas level. McDonalds, for example, has expanded its branches, which are approximately 31,000 restaurants in 2010 (Ritzer 2011). Multi-unit restaurants could be defined as a company which rivals in the sector with more than one unit of a concept or theme (Olesen et al 1992). due(p) to in tense competitiveness in the restaurant sector, cost reduction and standardization have been consistently focused on in multi-unit firms in order to exhaust returns on investment of its brand (Jones 1993). In a chain of restaurants, four-in-hand of managers or the manager who operates between operations and cooperate level managers is called as the Multi-unit manager (Drucker 1995). According to Goss-Turner (1999), in a multi-unit firm or the multi-unit area responsible for 2 to15 units, the responsibilities of the Multi-unit managers are to concentrate on strategy of business rather than exclusive unit operations. As a result of standardizations that have increased in nineteenth century, the multi-unit has grown along with systematic assessment for selection of training for the multi-unit manager (Goss-Turner 1999). It could be seen that with the intention of expanding in chain, multi restaurant outlets and the multi-unit area need to develop simultaneously. To gain a competitiv e advantage, the company should be able to develop eccentric of their employees especially the multi-unit manager. It can be said that most of the academic study has focused on the role, responsibilities and skills of single-unit operation, but on the multi-unit company. The skills of the area manager are presumable to be different from the single unit managers. Umbreit and Smith (1990) claimed that almost all the area managers are recruited from single units. Consequently, the multi-unit managers have faced problems in making the variation from single-units to multi-units because of the role, responsibility and skills that are different from single operation managers. Umbreit and Tomlin (1986) surveyed many multi-food services and highlighted that most functions of the multi-unit managers are related to restaurant operation, valet de chambre resource, and finance. Subsequently, Muller and Campbell (1995) also showed that human resource was the most significant issue for the mul ti-unit managers. In addition, in 2009 human resource, restaurant operation and finance were still the major requirements for the multi-unit manager position. For these reasons, at the midsection of this study is to analyze the roles, responsibilities and skills of the multi-unit managers in restaurant industry by providing a case study of Pan Asia group. A semi structure conducts interview of the multi-unit

Is China a Threat to Indian Industry Essay Example for Free

Is China a Threat to Indian Industry EssayRenewable push button has huge potential to provide solution to ontogenesis energy crisis and it is the key factor to the future of energy, food and economic security, said participants at a seminar organized by greentech and Bengal National Chamber of Commerce and Industry.We are a growing economy. So our energy requirement is also growing. But we dont produce enough energy to meet even our current needs. With depleting fossil fuel reserves and concerns close its environmental impact, renewable energy is the only long-term solution, said Bibek Bandhopadhyay, advisor at the ministry of new and renewable energy. At present, Indias installed power capacity is 2,10,645 MW with renewable energy contributing 26,900 MW or 12.4%. From various energy technologies, a capacity addition of about 30,000 MW has been planned during the 12th Plan period 2012-2017. The focus is flat on mainstreaming renewable energy technologies so that it becomes co st-effective. Of this, 69% is generation from plait and 4.5% from solar.Incidentally, India was the first country to set up a ministry of non-conventional energy resources in the first 1980s.India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for using solar power in India. Much of the country does not have an galvanic grid, so one of the first applications of solar power has been for water pumping, to begin replacing Indias 4-5 million diesel powered water pumps, each consuming about 3.5 kilowatts, and off-grid lighting. Some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000 sq km area of the Thar desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 GW.The Indian solar Loan Programme, supported by the United Nations Environment Programme has won the prestigious Energy Globe World award for sustainability for helping to establish a consumer financing program for solar home power systems. Over the span of three years more than 16,000 solar home systems have been financed through 2,000 verify branches, particularly in rural areas of south India where there is no grid electricty.Launched in 2003, the Indian Solar Loan Programme was a four-year partnership amid UNEP, the UNEP Risoe Centre, and the Canara Bank and Syndicate Bank.Announced in November 2009, the Government of India proposed to launch its Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on mood Change with plans to generate 1,000 MW of power by 2013 and up to 20,000 MW grid-based solar power, 2,000 MW of off-grid solar power and cover 20 million sq metres with collectors by the end of the final degree of the mission in 2020.Development of wind power in India began in the 1990s and has increased in recent years. Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry compared with Denmark or the US, domestic policy support for wind power has led India to become the country with the fifth largest installed wind power capac ity in the world. As of December 2010, the installed capacity of wind power in India was 13,065.37 MW, mainly spread across Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala and West Bengal. Wind power accounts for 6% of Indias full installed power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the countrys power.Every year, about 55 million tonnes of municipal solid waste and 38 billion litres of sewage are generated in the urban areas of India. In addition, large quantities of solid and liquid wastes are generated by industries. Waste generation in India is expected to increase rapidly in the future. As more flock migrate to urban areas and as incomes increase, consumption levels are likely to rise, as are rates of waste generation. It is estimated that the amount of waste generated in India will increase at a per capita rate of approximately 1-1.33% annually. This has significant impacts on the amount of land that is and will be needed for dispo sal, economic costs of collecting and transporting waste, and the environmental consequences of increased MSW generation levels.

Journal Writing Essay Example for Free

diary Writing EssayWeek 1 Reflective JournalThis was my first twenty-four hour period in carve up for the building block Co Ordinate the Work Environment. Amongst the class mates each one introduced the self to others, and Adrian as a teacher for the unit introduced himself to all of us. Todays lecture was based on housekeeping and overview of unit outline. I learned about diametric ways to contribute and coiffure effective workplace practises. I also learned about different leadership styles. I felt good throughout the class as I was an active participant in all topics. I felt good about taking on the knowledge about learning and sustaining workplace morals and self morale. I believe that this knowledge will help during my job times.Week 2 Reflective JournalIn todays schoolman term I learned about developing and implementing work plans. The idea behind is to integrate into and build a healthy, trustworthy and reliable relationship with colleagues. I listened the wh olly session carefully, gave my opinion at right time and respected to the opinion shared by other students. I also learned about how at a workplace we can maximise the performance and outcomes and yes how can i forget the amazing organisational theories, boring but important. I took proper notes throughout the session and kept myself attentive till the end.Week 3 Reflective journalIn this weeks class I learned about implementing different strategies to ensure that the communication in a workplace is effective. I think the information was very necessary to develop my own level of understanding of initiating and sustaining a healthy communication amongst colleagues. I also learned about different ways of resolving the conflicts at the workplace if and when they arise. I personally would always be proactive about it however at any times if i do face any such conflicts then the knowledge that I current today will help a lot.Week 4 Reflective JournalThis week Adrian told us about wo rkplace environment in regards of the resistance, different ways to deal with it and how we can bring a change in an organisation. I think this weeks session was very important from the academic perspective but also will help me in future in my carrier. I was active throughout the session. We also talked about the decision devising process that takes place in everywhere and i felt good about that how important all this info was.Week 5 Reflective JournalThis weeks class was the interesting one because i learned about how important it is to always add on to our existing skills and knowledge by undertaking various training workshops related to identical work. It was good to learn that taking such training lessons keeps us synchronised with the latest in the population and that these should not be neglected. Then we were also taught about different ways how we can monitor our own progress and appraisals. I felt this weeks session was very important and the knowledge delivered will h elp me in future.Week 6 Reflective JournalThis week was an important time in class as i had my first assignment for this unit due. The assignment was to make a report on the overview of any organisation related with the same sector. While making the assignment and reflecting on various areas of the organisation i realised that it included mostly a lot of things that we covered in class and i was glad because i already had them in my mind and my notes.

Fossil Fuels and Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Fossil Fuels and Global Warming EssayThe use of fossil fuels as the primary source of faculty has unwittingly landed kind-heartedity into its greatest challenge yet. As oil and coal ar burnt up, the parkhouse gases ar causing the melting of polar ice, leading to a chain reaction that threatens every other aspect of the ecosystem. This paper looks at the crisis that fossil fuels give brought about, as well exploring existent and proposed solutions, both at the collective and the individual level. Introduction Global melt technically refers to the overall rise in global temperatures. Its widespread use however besides encompasses the courses of this rise in temperatures and the launchs at that placeof. More importantly, it is synonymous with the role of human beingnessnesss activity in contributing to these rises. Carbon emissions from planes, cars and industrial plants rise up into the melodic line and create a blanket of heavy air that traps heat that radiates onto the earths surface. By not letting heat escape, over time the eyeball becomes warmer. This has a direct effect on the flow of ocean currents, directly responsible for weather patterns.It as well causes the melting of polar ice, which besides also bear on climate, also causes the sea levels to rise. (Guggenheim D bloodshed Albert, 2006). Effects of Global Warming Some critics be s unbrokenical of the whole notion of global warming. Despite this criticism, it has grabbed the anxiety of masses, and they ar increasingly examining its effects. The following is a brief insight Agriculture is fundamental to life, as it is the source of nutrition. Without food, human beings are at risk of extinction, and conflicts are bound to arise.Yet global warming is threatening agriculture. Due to climate change, the environments where bees and other creatures vital to pollination are use to dwelling in are no longer suitable, and the bees are disappearing in droves. More than that, rainfall an d sunshine patterns are changing, rendering farmlands unsuitable for the crops that are used to growing there normally. The combined effect is that agricultural yields are negatively affected, and there arises a deficit in overall supply of food worldwide.In early 2008, with the human race hungrier, food prices rose to their highest levels ever, and inflation in many countries became unprecedented. This trend came to a head at the beginning of 2008, with riots and revolts in numerous countries. In the Philippines, soldiers were deployed to safety food crop farms from being raided. Haitians on their part overthrew their government in protest over untenable food costs. It is also here that lot were decreased to eating mud, if yet to fill up their stomachs. Similar scenarios were reported in Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and a good number of Asian emerging economies.Global warming is not the only factor in bringing about food shortage, but it does play a major role, and has come to the a ttention of masses further about the globe that are willing to act to mitigate the negative effects (Auken, 2008). Another set of negative effect that has been tied to global warming are the today prevalent natural disasters pounding various parts of the world. Hurricanes that chip in brought devastation to New Orleans, Mexico and more recently Jamaica over the past few seasons have been the worst in recorded history.They have been attributed to rises in sea level resulting from glacial melts owing to global warming. They have brought unprecedented destruction, forcing many coastal cities to feign new-fashioned strategies to combat such events. Billions of dollars are now being invested in disaster prevention, and are resulting in an increase in taxation. Similar amounts are being invested in reconstruction efforts to restore damaged infrastructure. Housing models are being radically changed, with cheaper housing being favored to cut losses in field of study of any eventualit ies.Prevalent Solutions Such tools as carbon footprints and green qualifications are now being employed to influence the conduct of the common person to kick in toward reducing their personal negative impact on the globe consumers in Europe and America are increasingly becoming conscious to purchase food with minimal carbon footprints for example. Carbon footprints refer to the amount of carbon dioxide emitted during the process of developing a product from scratch to the point where it gets to the consumer.In effect, products which use fortune of machinery to constitute and have to be transported by heavily fuel reliant means such as planes and trucks have much higher carbon footprints than those that are produced using minimal fossil zilch and are close to the market. Labels indicating the carbon footprint are put on products by organizations who take the initiative, in a bid to persuade consumers to buy the least destructive products. And the method seems to be working.In Eur ope especially, consumers are increasingly cutting on their contributions environmental humiliation and products with high carbon footprints and finding increasingly limited market. Closely related is the issue of organic foods. These are gaining preference for the reason that they are produced using only natural material, rather than chemicals that are hazardous to human beings and detrimental to the environment. The level to which a product is free of chemical toxi metropolis is referred to as its organic rating, just like carbon footprints are used to depict the level of carbon emissions of a product.Publications and other forms of media are used by proactive organizations to sensitize the man on which products are environmentally friendly, and these do have a major influence on consumer choices. The result is that farmers serving the European markets are using increasingly less machinery and chemicals, thereby reducing the emissions and chemical pollution of the agricultural i ndustry to the environment. Manufacturers also have to adapt to a new way of production- with their carbon footprints being closely monitored, they are increasingly adjusting their production processes to get favorable ratings (Organic Trade Association, 2008).My Solution Proposal In the fight against global warming, I believe efforts should now be geared toward experiments on entirely new lifestyles and forms of organization, with successful experiments being replicated across the globe. In my case, I propose an experiment with a new eco city, earlier in an arid area, at a waterfront (e. g. a lake) for sustainability of life. This will kill quite a few birds with one stone, as the problems of food insecurity, unsustainable energy and work-shy land would all be addressed. ImplementationIn designing such an urban development, cutting edge technology and radical thinking are requisite at every step of the way. Ecological urban planning concepts are necessary to take advantage of th e lake breeze, which can be harnessed for wind energy to cater for a significant part of the new citys energy requirements. The city plan should also allow for the breeze to penetrate the streets and residential areas rather than block it. When this is done, ecological architecture can be employed in designing self- calm downing buildings, which have the advantage of not only saving on air conditioning.This is desirable because it both saves on energy and preserves the environment, seeing as most air conditioners are environmentally harmful. The urban plan also motifs to take care of existing ecosystems if there are any streams, trees or wildlife habitations, the city and building designs should be make around them. Buildings will need to be fitted with solar panels to take advantage of the abundant sun in arid lands, and then further adding to the energy supply provided by wind. Wherever possible, buildings should have green roofing.This is where gardens are made on top of roofs for purposes of food, beautification and more. This will have a number of advantages food will be more abundant, a cool microclimate will be created (further reducing the need for air conditioning), and the carbon footprint will be drastically reduced or eliminated. The buildings can also be constructed with double walls using recycled material (for sustainability). Double walls have the effect of keeping temperatures low when its hot outside and warm when its cold outside.Stretches of slug land just outside the city can be used to plant ecologically friendly biofuel crops such as Jatropha Carcus, which is drought-resistant, to complete some(prenominal) energy requirements that may remain. Being at the lakefront, clean water for most chores might prove a challenge to get, thus the need to preserve and recycle whatever water can be harnessed. One of the ways to do this is by use of a Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP), which filters sewerage to produce water for irrigation and gas fo r cooking.This way, other clean sources of water can be less burdened. Energy needs will also be met. Gardens and parks should be organic to reduce the amount of fertilizer and chemical pesticides necessary to maintain them. Sustaining the Gains All the outlined gains of an eco-city would be to naught if the residents do not sustain them. Residents should be encouraged to carpool when going to work, or better still to cycle to work to minimize the carbon footprint. As much as possible, recycled material should be used and other material should be recycled.The use of plastic bags should be banned, instead encouraging the use of bio-degradable baskets. For lighting, energy-saving fluorescent bulbs and tubes should be used. Each home should have a garden in its compound, with at least a tree or two. The gardens, for domestic food consumption, should be grown organically. The beach area should be kept clean, with no littering or dumping of chemicals or effluent into the lake. This will help preserve marine life and overall aesthetic beauty. If such a city can be constructed, myriad gains will have been made Positive Environmental ImpactThe immediate impact of all the new vegetation the green roofs, home gardens, biofuel crops, etc would be the creation of a cool microclimate in the developed area. Being in front of a lake, the arid land as it currently is cannot benefit because all the moisture being brought in by the breeze either evaporates or travels long distances inland, benefiting other areas with vegetation. With the new vegetation however, the moisture would be trapped, and as the plants perspire, vapor would rise into the local sky, thereby creating rain at that local level.The overall reduced heat levels would also slow down drying up rates, ensuring that the grease remains moist, helped also by the increased rain. Naturally, more rain is bound to increase vegetation cover, further enhancing the value of the land and creating a compulsive cycle. Pos itive Impact on Soil As the vegetation grows and dies, the soil would be enriched organically as the foliage decomposes, increasing its productivity. This happens when the decomposed foliage turns into humus, and mixes with the local sand. This has the effect of bonding the soil together while creating an acceptable level of drainage and porosity within it.If the soil is further enriched with the waste products of the STP process, the overall paternity of the soil will become highly favorable to agriculture. It would also be conducive for worms and other soil organisms to grow, which in turn further enrich the soil with vital nutrients. Positive Economic Impact Another area of profound impact will be economic from the time of construction right by to the establishment of offices and residences, employment opportunities will abound for both locals and immigrants.The eco-friendliness of the area will also attract investment a lot of which these days is conscientious thus spurring growth. Being at the lakefront, the city is also highly likely to attract considerable international tourism as tourists seek clean and new areas to escape from winter or simply to unwind. At the same time, the marine sportfishing industry is bound to experience a boost from the clean fishing areas, with ready market locally provided by residents within the new city. They may even be able to export, depending on other factors.At the domestic level, people will be able to grow food and reduce their household budget. They may even be able to sell some of it and generate income the city can be a net exporter of food. Conclusion Global warming has blessed the world with a lot to ponder upon. With effects ranging from food shortage to natural catastrophes, mitigation should not be a question of whether, but how and when. Coupled with this is the need for newer energy sources, to reduce the globes dependency on fossil fuels. With concerted efforts and due diligence, the problems that the se two factors portend can be contained to an extent.I propose an experiment with an eco city built on a waterfront as a means of studying how human beings can adopt a top down approach to addressing these pressing issues. I believe the gains to be made will not just be environmental but economic as well. Works Cited Associated press, June 20th 2007, Fossil fuels Tycoon plans largest wind farm- green machines- MSNBC. com, Retrieved twelfth Feb 2009. , http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/19231397 Auken, B. V, 15th April 2008, Amid mounting food crisis, governments fear revolution of the hungry, Retrieved 11th Sep, 2008, http//www. wsws. org/articles/2008/apr2008/food-a15. shtmlThe British Council (no date). Effects of Global Warming Social Impact-Climate Change. Retrieved 12th Feb 2009. http//www. britishcouncil. org/climatechange-fact-sheets-global-warming-social-impact. htm Green Africa Foundation, 2008, Retrieved 12th Feb 2009, http//greenafricafoundation. org Guggenheim D, Gore Albert, 2006. An Inconvenient Truth (Film) Organic Trade Association (2008). NOSB Definition of Organic. Retrieved 12th Feb 2009. http//www. ota. com/standards/nosb/definition. html United States Environmental Protection Agency, Heat Island Effect. Retrieved 12th Feb 2009. http//www. epa. gov/heatisland/

Health And Safety In A Mechanics And Office Construction Essay

health And condom In A Mechanics And Office Construction EssayOccupational synthetic rubber and Health is one of the main concerns of employers not only because of the human dimension involved but also because of their legal responsibilities. The objective of the Mauritius Employers Federation in this key champaign is to create greater aw atomic number 18ness among both employers and employees ab let out the train for a unafraid and healthy kick the bucket environment. This is essential for the enterprises to be able to play their stinting and social role.It tailnot be denied that, besides the legal requirements, there is a cost-benefit relationship betwixt OSH, on the one hand, and productivity as puff up as profitability, on the other. We believe that human and financial losses maybe avoided through professional base hit management for the benefit of employees as sound as enterprises.Health and Safety in a rangeshop is really authoritative. If an employee uses equipm ent, tools and machinery, he should foregather in effect(p)ty training. This should warrant that he feels confident in the use of machines and cigaret operate them without having an apoplexy or ca use an contingency to other mountain.Before an employee tummy use equipment and machines or attempt practical sue in the workshop the employee must encounter basic well(p)ty rules. These rules entrust sponsor keep the employee and others safe in the workshop.In order to assure a safe system of work in the motor vehicle mechanical rep send workshop, imparts from a systematic examination of a task in order to identify all the hazards and assess the risks, and which identifies safe methods of work to ensure that the hazards ar eliminated or the remaining risks are minimized.A motor vehicle mechanical repair workshop constitute of several(prenominal) employees and several types of machineries that are be apply. In order to recognize the hazards that are present, there are seve ral steps that evict be detractn into consideration maintain the manufacturers instruction or data sheets for chemicals ( grease, benzene, engine oil, etc ) and equipment ( electric automobileal trolley, towing machines, overhead lifting crane, etc ).Walk around the garage and take notes of things that an employee may thought to pose a risk. communication to staff/employees to find out what work methods are currently in use, what training they had been given, and any particular requirements.Listen to the employees own concerns just about health and safetyGo through the accident bookIn a mechanical workshop, health and safety will deal with biological hazards, chemical hazards, physical hazards and ergonomics. approximately accidents in mechanical repair involve trips and falls or poor methods of lifting and intervention often issuanceing in hard injury. Accidents involving vehicles arefrequent and cause serious injuries and deaths . Work on petrol tanks in particular causes s erious burns, hundreds of fires and some deaths.Fire and explosionFires and explosions are the cause of most deaths and property damage in motor vehicle repair workshops. Mostly, they involve the mis discourse of petrol when draining fuel tanks and lines but incidents have also occurred during hot work (any process which fork outs flames, sparks or heat) repairs on diesel tank or the inappropriate use of paints/thinners e.g. to light rubbish fires. Make sure that safe methods of work with flammable materials and high temperatures.Some land and dontsUse a proprietary fuel retriever/adaptor when draining petrol from tanks and linesStore containers of flammable liquids in a safe placeBefore carrying out any hot work on drums or other containers that may contain vapours such(prenominal) as petrol, diesel, paints, solvents etc carefully consider the risks. Safer options admit utilise cold cutting/repair techniques and replacing rather than repairing.Where hot work on a tank or drum i s necessary, put down the risks by emptying, looseing, gas-freeing or inerting.Dont drain petrol over or close to pit or drainDont smoke, weld or carry out other hot work while handling petrol or flammable paints/thinnersDont use petrol/thinners to burn rubbish or unwanted materialsHand-arm frissonPower tools transmit vibration into the operators hands and arms. Hand-arm vibration (HAV) nookie cause vibration white finger, a permanent and pestiferous numbness and tingling in the hands and arms, also painful joints and muscle weakening.Hand-held portable power tools are used extensively in motor vehicle repair workshop. Purchase tools that have been designed and constructed to reduce the risk of vibration, and are suitable for their intended use. Train workers to use them safely and keep them properly keep.Plant and equipmentPlant and equipment ass cause accidents if they are used unsafely or poorly maintained. Vehicles falling/rolling off in reformly positioned jacks or stand s, e modifiedly where they are not chocked, are one of the main causes of disastrous accidents in motor vehicle repair. In particularlifting put and equipment, including bottle/trolley jacks, axle standsensure they are on a regular basis serviced, maintained and, where necessary, thoroughly examineduse correct pins in axle standscorrectly position jacks and axle stands, and use chocksensure that vehicles are always properly supportedGuards and other safety devices must be maintained in good condition and properly maintained.Struck byAccidents are the cause of about 20% of injuries in motor vehicle repair. This category includes being struck by vehicles falling off inspection lifts, materials falling from elevated storage areas or the raised forks on fork lift trucks, by tools and materials ejected from plant and equipment and by movement of vehicles under repair.Tyre removal, replacement and inflationTyre removal, replacement and inflation should only be tackled by competent staff . The main hazards which fire arise includemanual handling injuries, which account for nearly a half of all tyre-related incidents reportedtool-related injuries (which make up a quarter of incidents), particularly from handtools such as tyre levers andcompressed-air accidents e.g. from a ruptured or burst tyre or violent separation of the component parts of the wheel. These accidents tend to result in serious injuries, including fatalities.Safety during tyre inflationInflated tyres contain a large amount of stored energy, which varies according to the inflation pressure and the arise area of the tyre. If the tyre fails, an explosive force can be released at an angle of up to 45 degrees from the rupture. This has resulted in numerous fatalities. It is crucial that the airline hose between the clip-on chuck and the pressure gauge/control is big enough to allow the operator to stand outside the in all probability trajectory of any explosion during inflation. This will vary dependi ng on the size of the tyre and its positioning.Car tyres generally contain less energy than truck tyres and their size and profile make them less likely to fail catastrophically. Sensible precautions are still demand, but a re classing device such as a safety cage is not normally necessary.weld fumesFume from welding, flame cutting and other hot work varies greatly and may cause dryness of the throat, tickling, coughing, tightness of the chest and difficulty in breathing. Long- term changes in the lung are possible. Harmful fumes and gases during welding in motor vehicle repair include those from primer and paint layers, other surface coatings such as underseal, and from data track in car bodies.Use local exhaust ventilation e.g. mobile extraction unit with flexible exhaust cover and trunking, wherever possible and always in confined spaces.Roadside repair and recovery Road traffic incidents (RTIs) and roadside safetyPeople at work on the roadside either recovering or repairing m otor vehicles, including tyre and windscreen replacement, are at risk from other road users. Protection of workers and members of the prevalent from traffic risks on public roads is mostly a matter for road traffic law, which is enforced by the Police and other Agencies. However, existing health and safety legislation requires employers and self-employed persons to protect workers and safeguard others put at risk by their work activities. For example safe systems of work should be devised to ensure the safety of workers and the occupants of vehicles being recovered/repairedvehicles and/or attachments e.g. winches, cranes etc may be subject to health and safety legislation.ConclusionWorking in the motor vehicle repais diligence exposes people topotential dangersand it is the task of the employer (or self-employed person) to identify and minimize those risks.Health and safety in the woodworking industryThe woodworking industry has one of the highest accident rates in manufacturing, most of which are caused by contact with mournful machinery. Around two-thirds of all accidents occur on just three types of machine poster sawsvertical spindle simulateerssurface planersRisk managementTo reduce the chances of an accident occurring, its best to witness at what might cause one and then reconcile what you need to do to stop it happening. The best way to do this is by a risk assessment.Assessment of the workshopConditions will vary from clean to workshops where machines are buried under dust and off-cuts. The general tidiness is often a good barometer of how well other issues are being managed.Machinery should all be well maintained and have the correct safeguards. It should also only be used by those competent to do so and there should be evidence visible(prenominal) to prove this. There should also be good control of health risks from wood dust (asthma, dermatitis), manual handling and noise, etc.Safety topicsWorking with machinery woodwork is the only industry where machinery accidents cause more injuries than slips and trips. Around 25% of these are classed as major injuries. Accidents can be caused by either contact with the moving parts, including tools, or kickbacks of timber and ejected cutters. This happens because of inadequate guarding and poor systems of work, often resulting from insufficient training.Slips, trips and falls account for 19% of accidents in this industry.Vehicles major injuries to workers and members of the public were caused by vehicles at work. So it is vital to put sensible precautions in place to reduce the risks that vehicles can cause.Fire and explosion Wood dust is highly flammable and you need to take care to extract it safely and keep it away from sources of ignition.Health topicsHealth risks in woodworking are not as well known as the safety risks but it is important that they are also included in the risk assessment.Key health concerns in the woodworking industry are manual handlingWood dustNoiseHazard ous substancesManual handlingMost injuries in the woodworking and furniture industry are caused during manual handling activities. There is potential for injury present duringhandling of timber and board materialmachining and assemblyhandling and storage of the finished productLifting and handling aid can significantly reduce the risk of injury.Wood dustWood dust can cause serious health problems. It can cause asthma, which carpenters and joiners are more like to get.Hardwood dust can cause cancer, particularly of the nose.Settled dust contains the fine particles that are most likely to damage the lungs.Noise carpentry has some of the noisiest work places in industry. Short exposure to high noise levels can cause temporary hearing loss, but longer exposures can result in permanent damage.Sufferers often do not realise their hearing is being damaged, as hearing loss tends to be gradual. However, some effects such as tinnitus can develop more quickly. Tinnitus can be a permanent ring ing or whooshing sound in the ears which can be very distressing, particularly when its quiet, such as when you are trying to go to sleep.Hazardous substancesAs well as causing asthma, wood dust, sap and the lichens associated with wood can have adverse health effects on the skin, respiratory tract (nose and lungs), eyes as well as the whole body.Some chemicals used in the woodworking industries can have adverse health effects. Particular care should be taken when using dichloromethane (DCM), also known as methylene chloride. This solvent is used to spoil paint from wood. As well as being classed as a carcinogen, the vapour can cause drowsiness and headaches. In high concentrations this can lead to unconsciousness and death.ConclusionKey elements to managing woodworking safely includeRisk management To reduce the chances of an accident occurring, it is best to look at what might cause one and then decide what you need to do to stop it happening.Training and supervision By law, all workers must receive training and supervision that is appropriate to the equipment they will be using.Workplace management Paying attention to layout, worker movement and keeping workshops and storage areas tidy can help reduce the risks.Workers themselves should also be encouraged to become involved in health and safety as they are often the best people to understand the risks and help find solutions. Through worker involvement, employees and employers, can act together to reduce accidents and ill health within the employment.Health and Safety in the perspectiveIntroductionThe modern duty environment presents an array of potential hazards that can be avoided by taking simple precautions. Although working in an slur has always been considered relativelysafe, office workers face occupational hazards that include eye strain, overuse syndrome, headaches, discomfort, trips and falls and manual handling injuries.The ACT Occupational Health and Safety Act 2005, aims to protect the he alth, safety and welfare of all people in every place of work. Under the Act employers, employees and the self-employed are required to foregather certain standards of health, safety and welfare.Employers must ensure the health safety and welfare of their employees. To comply employers must earmark or maintain equipment and systems of work that are safe and without risks to health. Ensure that equipment and substances are used, stored and transported safely and without risks to health. Provide information, instruction, training and supervision that ensures the health and safety of employees Maintain their workplace in a safe condition including entrances and exits. Provide adequate information about any research and tests of substances used at work.Employers must also ensure the health and safety of visitors to the workplace.Employees must Cooperate with their employers in their efforts to maintain the required level of health and safety. Take reasonable care of the health and saf ety of others.The self-employed must ensure the health and safety of visitors tothe workplace who are not their employees.Manufacturers and suppliers of equipment and substances must Ensure that their products are safe and not a risk to health when properly used. Provide clear information about the safe use of their products. Make available information about research and testing.People in control of workplaces (e.g. building owners who are not the employer) must ensure that the workplace including entrances and exits is safe without risks to health and safety.Reporting and recording workplace injury and dangerous occurrencesEmployers and persons in control of workplaces must report serious workplace injuries, distemper and dangerous occurrences to the ACT Occupational Health and Safety Office on a Injury and Dangerous Occurrence Report Form. Employers are also required to maintain workplace records of employee injuries or illness that result in absences from work of one day or more .Office environmentThe office environment is a combination of lighting, temperature, humidness and air quality. The office can be a healthy and comfortable place to work if the correct combination of these elements is maintained.Temperature and air teachOffice temperatures can be localized. A desk situated in direct sunlight will be much warmer than the average temperature in the office and a desk situated directly under an air condition vent can be cooler than average.Some older personal computers can generate as much heat as small electric bar heaters raising local temperatures above the room average. This problem can be intensify by the clustering of computers in one particular section of the office.Many of the complaints of discomfort in air-conditioned offices occur in the winter time. The cause of the complaints can be because if the air temperature is about 24 degree Celsius this feels hot to the worker coming into the building from the outside air. The problem can be made w orsened if the air movement is less.HumidityHumidity refers to the amount of water vapour in the air. The optimum comfort range for relative humidity is 40-60 per cent. Low humidity can cause dryness of the eyes, nose and throat and may also increase the frequency of static electricity shocks. Relative humidity above 80 per cent can be associated with fatigue and reports of stuffiness. If relative humidity is consistently high or low call in an air conditioning smart to conduct a review.VentilationVentilation refers to the movement of air and rate of fresh air input. Air movement of less than 0.1 metres per second can lead to stuffy rooms whereas above 0.2 metres per second draughts can be felt.Contaminated airAir contaminants in the office can include bacteria, viruses, mould spores and dusts, solvent vapours or chemicals generated or used in the building. Air conditioning units that do not provide adequate amounts of fresh air can cause high levels of CO2. Stale air due to poor v entilation and excessive heat build-up or humidity can also contribute to air contamination. Appropriate control measures for the reduction of air contamination include Effective air filtration. Ensuring that adequate amounts of fresh air enter the building. Maintenance of air conditioning units, including regular cleaning. Preventing the obstruction of vents. Locating equipment using solvents in areas with substantial air movement and/or installing localexhaust ventilation.SmokingEnvironmental tobacco smoke is an indoor contaminant and there is growing recognition that non-smokers may suffer adverse health effects through inhaling tobacco smoke. Organisations are increasingly expected to limit passive smoking risks in offices in the interest of their employees and clients. A number of employers have fulfilled their legal obligations toprovide a safe and healthy work environment by implementing no-smoking policies in their workplaces. Procedures such as consultation, education progr ams and the allocation of designated smoking areas are recommended for the development of an effective no-smoking policy.Plants in the officeUnited States NASA studies have shown that plants reduce the levels of toxic substances such as formaldehyde, benzol and carbon monoxide in the air.LightingThe basic requirements for adequate lighting are that the work must be easy to see and the light comfortable to the eyes. Illumination is measured in units of LUX lumens per square metre.Sharp differences in illumination between adjacent areas should be avoided. Ideally the surrounding area should be slightly lower in luminance than the task area itself, except in special cases such as viewing outlines against a luminous background. Light should fall from the side rather than from the front to avoid reflections on the work surface. Glare causes optic discomfort and is usually caused by light sources which are too bright or inadequately shielded.Safety in the officeMost office accidents res ult from slips, trips and falls, lifting objects, punctures or cuts andbeing caught in or between things.Slips are caused by slippery floors, uncleaned spillages or gripless shoes. Trips occur over objects lying on the ground or jutting out into aisles or poorly maintained floor surfaces. Falls can be from ladders or from standing on chairs to reach an object. Many of these accidents can be avoided by simple planning and good housekeeping Traffic ways and aisles should be well lit, and be kept clear of materials, equipment, rubbish and electric leads. Floors should be level and the use of mats discouraged. Spilled liquids and anything else dropped on the floor should be immediately picked up or cleaned away. Free standing fittings should be completely stable or secured to the wall or floor. Filing cabinets should be placed so that they do not open into aisles and should never be left with cabinet drawers open. For stableness load cabinets starting from the bottom and do not open mor e than one drawer at a time. Office machines and equipment should be kept in good working order. Equipment using hand-fed processes such as electric staplers and paper guillotines should be guarded and staff trained in their proper use. Many pieces of equipment using electricity can mean trailing cables, overloaded circuits, broken plugs and sockets. Ensure that these dangers are seen to by qualified personnel.Escalators and moving walkwaysEscalators and moving walkways should function safely, be fit out with any necessary safety devices, and be fitted with one or more emergency stop controls which are easily identifiable and readily accessible.Manual handlingManual handling is a term used to describe everyday type activities such as carrying, stacking, pushing, pulling, rolling, sliding, lifting or lowering loads. For office workers this can include tasks such as moving boxes of stores, filing, getting equipment from cupboards and filling thephotocopying machine with paper. Injuri es that are a result of a manual handling incident include writhe ankles, sprains and strains, torn ligaments or broken bones. Many risks arising from manual handling can be controlled by quite simple solutions.Reducing manual handling injuries point in time 1 Risk identificationWhere are the manual handling injuries happening in the office? Look at injury records. Talk to employees and the workplace OHS committee. have the work in progress.Stage 2 Risk assessmentWhat is causing these manual handling injuries? Look at Force applied Actions and movements Range of w ogdoads How often, and for how long the job is done Where the load is positioned and how far it has to be moved Availability of mechanical aids Layout and condition of the work environment Work organization strength of the body while working Analysis of injury statistics Age of the workers Skill and experience of the workers Nature of the object handled Any other factor considered relevant.Stage 3 Risk controlWhat chang es can be made to prevent these manual handlinginjuries? Redesign the job Provide mechanical handling equipment Provide training in manual handling skillsOnce this process has occurred it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of the changes that have been made. Any evaluation must assess whether the changes are used correctly, help reduce manual handling injuries and have not created new problems.Chairs and posture checklist for keyboard workersWell adjusted chairs improve body position and blood circulation, reduce hefty effort and decrease pressure on the workers back. Chairs should swivel, have five wheels for stability, breathable fabric on the tail assembly, a rounded front edge and have adjustable seat height and backrest for lumbar support.Lighting for VDUsPlace VDUs to the side of the light source(s), not directly underneath. Try to site desks between rows of lights. If the lighting is fluorescent strip lighting, the sides of the desks should be parallelwith the light s. Try not to put the screen near a window. If it is unavoidable ensurethat neither the screen nor the operator faces the window. If the VDU is well away from windows, there are no other sources of bright light and prolonged desk-work is the norm, use a low level of service.Using a crawlA well designed cabbage should not cause undue pressure on the wrist and forearm muscles. A large bulky mouse may keep the wrist continuously bent at an uncomfortable angle. Pressure can be reduced by releasing the mouse at frequent intervals, by selecting a slim-line, low-profile mouse and by using the mouse at a comfortable distance from the body.Rest breaks and keyboard workFrequent abruptly breaks are most effective in relieving the strain associated with keyboard work. For reasonably sustained keying activity a break should be taken for a few proceedings every half hour. During this break operators should walk around and perform whatever movement relieves the feeling of muscle fatigue. Movem ents that are a natural response to faltering muscles such as shrugging the shoulders are generally the most effective in dealing with the fatigue.A particularly useful method of relieving muscle fatigue is to occasionally alter posture. That is, to change from the recommended posture for short duration. Some chairs have a forward tilt control that allows the worker to sit forward which can sometimes help to reduce fatigue to the muscles of the forearm, neck and shoulders.Eye strainWorking with VDUs can produce tired and sore eyes and eye strain. To reduce strain take short rests and look into the middle distance or if necessary close the eyes and cover them with the hands without pressing and breathe deeply eight or nine times.Muscle care and preparationThe following exercise should be done before commencing work and after lunch breaks. However it is important to Never stretch to the point where pain is experienced. Refrain from doing these exercises if you have a medical conditi on that could be made worse by stretching.Welfare hale conveniences and washing facilitiesSuitable and sufficient sanitary conveniences and washing facilities should be provided at readily accessible places. They and the rooms containing them should be kept clean and be adequately ventilated and lit. Washing facilities should have running hot and cold or warm water, soap and clean towels or other federal agency of cleaning or drying. If required by the type of work, showers should also be provided. Men and women should have stop facilities unless each facility is in a separate room with a lockable door and is for use by only one person at a time.Drinking waterAn adequate supply of high-quality swallow water, with an upward drinking jet or suitable cups, should be provided. Water should only be provided in refillable enclosed containers where it cannot be obtained directly from a mains supply. The containers should be refilled at least daily (unless they are chilled water dispense rs where the containers are returned to the supplier for refilling). Bottled water/water dispensing systems may still be provided as a alternate source of drinking water. Drinking water does not have to be marked unless there is a significant risk of people drinking non-drinking water. trying on for clothing and facilities for changingAdequate, suitable and secure space should be provided to store workers own clothing and special clothing. As far as is reasonably workable the facilities should allow for drying clothing. Changing facilities should also be provided for workers who change into special work clothing. The facilities should be readily accessible from workrooms and washing and ingest facilities, and should ensure the privacy of the user, be of sufficient capacity, and be provided with seating.Facilities for rest and to eat mealsSuitable and sufficient, readily accessible rest facilities should be provided.Seats should be provided for workers to use during breaks. These should be in a place where personal protective equipment need not be worn. Rest areas or rooms should be large enough and have sufficient seating with backrests and tables for the number of workers likely to use them at any one time, including suitable access and seating which is adequate for the number of disabled people at work.Where workers regularly eat meals at work, suitable and sufficient facilities should be provided for the purpose. Such facilities should also be provided where food would otherwise be likely to be contaminated.Work areas can be counted as rest areas and as eating facilities, provided they are adequately clean and there is a suitable surface on which to place food.Where provided, eating facilities should include a facility for preparing or obtaining a hot drink. Where hot food cannot be obtained in or reasonably near to the workplace, workers may need to be provided with a means for heating their own food (eg microwave oven).Canteens or restaurants may be u sed as rest facilities provided there is no obligation to purchase food.Suitable rest facilities should be provided for pregnant women and nursing mothers. They should be near to sanitary facilities and, where necessary, include the facility to lie down.